An international consortium of aging scientists outlines key biological processes—senescence, telomere attrition, mitochondrial dysfunction—and evaluates novel interventions, from senolytics to telomere extension, while framing the complex ethical considerations of pursuing extended human lifespan.

Key points

• Senolytic agents selectively ablate senescent cells to reduce SASP-driven inflammation and improve tissue function.
• mRNA-based telomere extension restores chromosome cap length by up to 1,000 nucleotides, enhancing replicative capacity in human cells.
• AI-driven platforms apply generative models and LLMs for high-throughput drug discovery, accelerating anti-aging candidate identification.

Why it matters: This comprehensive synthesis unites biological insights, biotechnological advances, and ethical frameworks to guide future strategies in extending human healthspan.