The US biotech firm Loyal is developing novel longevity candidates LOY-001, LOY-002, and LOY-003 to modulate insulinlike growth factor 1 and metabolic pathways in senior dogs via injectable and oral formats, with the objective of extending canine healthspan and informing preventive aging therapies.
Key points
LOY-001 injectable and LOY-003 chewable target IGF-1 reduction in senior large-breed dogs.
LOY-002 metabolic modulator in large-scale trial of 1,200 dogs across 70 clinics to enhance healthspan.
Drugs work by lowering IGF-1 signaling and improving metabolic resilience to extend healthy canine years.
Why it matters:
These pioneering canine longevity therapies signal a shift towards preventive age-management in veterinary medicine and offer a translational model for human anti-aging interventions.
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Academy
What is IGF-1?
Insulin-like Growth Factor 1, or IGF-1, is a small protein hormone produced primarily by the liver when stimulated by growth hormone. It travels through the bloodstream and binds to receptors on cells in muscle, bone, and other tissues, delivering messages that encourage cell division, growth, and survival. This process supports normal development in youth and helps maintain tissue repair throughout adult life.
How IGF-1 Affects Aging
While IGF-1 promotes growth and repair, long-term exposure to high levels can accelerate cellular aging. Excessive IGF-1 signaling boosts cell proliferation and turnover, which may increase DNA damage and the risk of age-related diseases. Animal studies show that reduced IGF-1 activity often correlates with longer lifespans and improved resistance to conditions like cancer and metabolic disorders.
Targeting IGF-1 for Longevity Interventions
Researchers aim to safely lower or modulate IGF-1 as a strategy to extend healthy lifespan. Dietary approaches such as calorie restriction naturally reduce IGF-1 levels, while pharmacological candidates, including the LOY series, directly inhibit IGF-1 receptors or reduce hormone production. These interventions seek to balance cell repair with protection against age-related decline.
IGF-1 in Dogs Compared to Humans
Large dog breeds often have IGF-1 concentrations many times higher than small breeds. This supports rapid growth but contributes to shorter average lifespans. By developing drugs that lower IGF-1 in senior dogs, scientists add healthy years to pets’ lives and gather translational insights. Canine results can inform human anti-aging therapies since dogs share similar age-related diseases and environmental exposures.
Challenges and Future Directions
Effective IGF-1 targeting requires precise dosing to avoid impairing tissue repair and immune function. Ongoing trials monitor biomarkers like blood IGF-1, metabolic health indicators, and clinical outcomes such as mobility and cognition. Future work will refine delivery methods (injectable versus oral), dosing schedules, and combination strategies to optimize safety and efficacy for both veterinary and human use.
Practical Implications for Pet Owners
Pet owners can support canine longevity through balanced nutrition, regulated exercise, and, when approved, veterinary-prescribed IGF-1 modulating drugs. Integrating lifestyle measures with preventive treatments may improve quality of life and extend healthy years for senior dogs. This holistic approach marks a new era in preventive aging care for pets.
