Academy

Synthetic Biology and Longevity Science

What is Synthetic Biology? Synthetic biology is an interdisciplinary field that combines principles from biology, engineering, and computer science to design and construct new biological systems or redesign existing ones. By using standardized genetic parts, researchers can build biological circuits that perform specific functions—such as producing therapeutic proteins, detecting biomarkers, or repairing damaged tissues.

Core Techniques

• Gene editing: Tools like CRISPR-Cas9 allow precise modification of DNA sequences, enabling the activation or inactivation of genes associated with age-related processes.
• Metabolic engineering: Pathway optimization in microorganisms—such as yeast or bacteria—can produce critical compounds like NAD+ precursors or sirtuin activators.
• Genetic circuits: Engineered promoter and repressor elements enable controlled gene expression in response to stimuli, useful for programmable senolytic therapies.

How It Works Researchers start by defining a target—such as extending cell lifespan or reducing cellular senescence. They then use computational models to identify gene targets and design DNA constructs. These constructs are synthesized chemically, inserted into host cells, and validated through assays that measure protein levels, metabolic outputs, or viability under stress.

Applications in Longevity

1. Senolytic development: Synthetic circuits can trigger apoptosis selectively in senescent cells, reducing inflammatory signals that drive aging.
2. Gene therapies: Delivery of telomerase or DNA repair enzymes via viral vectors can restore chromosomal integrity in aging tissues.
3. Metabolite production: Engineered microbes produce NMN or NR compounds at scale, supporting NAD+ levels important for mitochondrial health.

Why It Matters

Synthetic biology offers a precise, modular approach to tackle complex aging hallmarks by reprogramming cells at the genetic level. As these tools mature, they hold promise for safe, targeted interventions that can extend healthspan, reduce age-related disease burdens, and transform preventative geroscience.