The Cilento Initiative on Aging Outcomes and subsequent research on spermidine and sleep explore how autophagy promotion, oxidative stress regulation, and circadian rhythm integrity interlink with hormonal health and emotional well-being to extend healthspan. Emerging gender-focused studies also highlight the influence of ovarian function and intimacy timing on resilience.

Key points

• CIAO study identifies multidisciplinary factors—biological, psychological, social—fostering healthy aging in Italian centenarians.
• Spermidine supplementation in rodent models enhances autophagy, cardiovascular and cognitive functions.
• Sleep duration deviations (<7h or >9h) correlate with 14–34% increased all-cause mortality and oxidative stress markers.

Why it matters: This integrated perspective underscores a shift toward holistic healthspan strategies, highlighting combined hormonal, metabolic, and psychosocial interventions to enhance resilience beyond mere lifespan extension.